return to top
source
Negation World
For any proposition P, the implication False → P is true.
P
False → P
For any proposition P, if ¬ P and P are both true, then we obtain a proof of False.
¬ P
False
For any proposition P, P → ¬ ¬ P.
P → ¬ ¬ P
For any proposition P, ¬ (P ∧ ¬ P).
¬ (P ∧ ¬ P)
It is possible to prove any proposition Q from the hypothesis that both P and ¬ P are true.
Q
For any propositions P and Q, if P → Q holds then ¬ Q → ¬ P also holds.
P → Q
¬ Q → ¬ P
For any propositions P and Q, if P is true and Q is false, then P → Q is not true.
For any propositions P and Q, the propositions ¬ (P ∨ Q) and ¬ P ∧ ¬ Q are logically equivalent.
¬ (P ∨ Q)
¬ P ∧ ¬ Q
For any propositions P and Q, if P is false or Q is false then P ∧ Q is false.
P ∧ Q
For any proposition P, ¬ P is logically equivalent to ¬ ¬ ¬ P.
¬ ¬ ¬ P
The law of excluded middle implies double negation elimination: for any proposition P, P ∨ ¬ P implies ¬ ¬ P → P.
P ∨ ¬ P
¬ ¬ P → P